What is the function of a transformer in power systems?

The primary function of a transformer in power systems is to change voltage levels to facilitate efficient electricity transmission. This is crucial because electricity is transmitted over long distances at high voltages to reduce energy loss due to resistance in the wires. By stepping up the voltage for transmission, transformers allow electricity to flow efficiently from power plants to substations. At the substations, other transformers step down the voltage to safer levels suitable for distribution to homes and businesses.

In contrast, while regulating the flow of electricity to residential areas is an aspect of overall power distribution, it is not the main role of transformers. Additionally, transformers do not store excess energy; their purpose is strictly related to voltage transformation. Lastly, while managing voltage levels can impact how much energy is lost during transmission, transformers do not inherently decrease power generation costs; those costs are affected by a myriad of factors in the energy production and distribution process. Thus, the ability of transformers to facilitate efficient transmission of electricity by adjusting voltage levels is their key function.